| 摘 要: 3D激光雕刻技术作为精密制造领域的关键技术，在模具加工、医疗器械、航空航天等高端制造场景中，对加工精度与运动稳定性的要求日益严苛。当前系统在处理复杂三维曲面时，普遍面临轮廓误差超标、进给速度波动剧烈、加速度突变导致振动等问题，严重制约了高精密产品的制造质量。本文提出融合机器视觉与改进差分插补的闭环方案，创新点包括动态步长控制、四元数姿态描述和过象限机制。通过分析传统差分插补在多维空间扩展中的理论缺陷，设计基于双目视觉的动态误差检测机制，实现加工轨迹的实时修正；同时改进插补算法的步长控制策略与多轴协同逻辑，解决象限过渡偏差与固定步长适配性不足的问题。实验数据表明，改进系统的轮廓误差从0.08mm降至0.03mm，降低62.5%；进给速度波动从22.3%降至4.9%，减少78%；加速度峰值从1.5g降至0.53g，下降65%，显著提升了复杂曲面加工的精度与稳定性。本研究为高精度三维激光加工提供了兼具理论创新性与工程实用性的技术路径，对推动精密制造技术升级具有重要意义。 |
| 关键词: 机器视觉 差分插补 3D激光雕刻 运动控制 精度补偿 闭环控制 |
|
中图分类号:
文献标识码:
|
| 基金项目: 2025年大学生创新创业训练计划国家级项目《‘激’雕细刻——基于改进差分插补算法的3D激光雕刻机》（编号：202 512 746 012） |
|
| Application of Improved Difference Interpolation Algorithm in Multi-Axis Cooperative Control for 3D Laser Engraving |
|
Feng Li Juan
|
School of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Science and Technology
|
| Abstract: As a key technology in the field of precision manufacturing, 3D laser engraving has increasingly stringent requirements for machining accuracy and motion stability in high-end manufacturing scenarios such as mold processing, medical devices, and aerospace. Current systems generally face challenges such as excessive contour errors, severe fluctuations in feed rate, and vibrations caused by sudden acceleration changes when processing complex three-dimensional curved surfaces, which severely restrict the manufacturing quality of high-precision products. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a closed-loop control solution that integrates machine vision real-time feedback with an improved difference interpolation algorithm. By analyzing the theoretical limitations of traditional difference interpolation in multi-dimensional space expansion, a dynamic error detection mechanism based on binocular vision is designed to achieve real-time correction of machining trajectories. Simultaneously, the step control strategy and multi-axis coordination logic of the interpolation algorithm are improved to resolve issues such as quadrant transition deviations and insufficient adaptability of fixed step sizes. Experimental results demonstrate that the contour error of the improved system is reduced from 0.08 mm to 0.03 mm, a decrease of 62.5%; the feed rate fluctuation is reduced from 22.3% to 4.9%, a reduction of 78%; and the peak acceleration is reduced from 1.5g to 0.53g, a decrease of 65%, significantly enhancing the accuracy and stability of complex surface machining. This study provides a technically innovative and practically viable solution for high-precision 3D laser processing, contributing significantly to the advancement of precision manufacturing technology. |
| Keywords: Machine vision Difference interpolation 3D laser engraving Motion control Accuracy compensation Closed-loop control. |
